The paper discusses the history of maritime museology in Split and the collection of charts and pilots of the Croatian Maritime Museum in Split. The Croatian Maritime Museum in Split has been open for just over a decade, but the city maritime museology has a long tradition dating back to the twenties of the 20th century. Although the museum is formally and legally not a successor of former museums, it preserves and processes materials belonging to the former Naval Museum of JAZU (Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts) and the Naval and Military Museum (which became the Naval and Military Museum of the Croatian Navy after the dissolution of Yugoslavia). The museum possesses the Collection of Charts and Pilots, 267 objects from which were recorded in the Inventory Book of museum objects. The oldest objects in the collection date back to the 16th century. Those are the parts of the isolario belonging to Venetian cartographer G. F. Camocio. Cartography of the 18th century is represented by several maps, but with two pilots, which are the work of the French cartographer Joseph Roux, who is also the author of the map of the Mediterranean. The museum also holds charts from the 19th century published after the research of Austrian, Italian, French, Spanish, and English naval experts. However, the largest part of the collection consists of charts and plans which are the result of 150-year-old work of the hydrographic services on the eastern Adriatic coast, from the Bureau of the Austrian-Hungarian Navy in Pula, through hydrographic institutions of the Kingdom of SHS / Yugoslavia and the Republic of Yugoslavia, to the present Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia. Among the variety of individual exhibits kept in the Museum, we have to mention two maps made on silk used by Allies pilots during World War II.