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      <page pageid="96" ns="0" title="Sinusoidal">
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          <rev contentformat="text/x-wiki" contentmodel="wikitext" xml:space="preserve">={{PROJECTIONNAME}} sinusoidal=

{| border = &quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
{{SUPPORTEDLANGUAGES}}
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| sinusoidal || || || サンソン ||Проекция Сансона || || 
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&lt;br/&gt;
*{{NAMINGPRINCIPLE}} [[Template:Principle of precedence|{{PRINCIPLEPRECEDENCE}}]].
*{{YEAROFORIGIN}} 1570.
*{{ORIGINATORNAME}} Jehan Cossin (Dieppe).
*{{ORIGINATORREFERENCE}}
*{{YEAROFFORMULATION}}
*{{FORMULATORNAME}}
*{{FORMULATORCITATION}}
*{{PROJECTIONSYNONYMS}}
**Mercator equal-area
**Mercator-Sanson
**Sanson-Flamsteed
**Sanson
**シヌソイダル図法
**正弦曲線図法
*{{PROJECTIONPROPERTIES}}
**[[authalic]]
**scale along parallels is correct (in [[equatorial aspect]])
*{{PROJECTIONDERIVATIVES}}
*{{NAIVESPECIALIZATIONS}}
*{{GENERALIZATIONS}}

==Rationale==

Several reasons support the name ''sinusoidal'':
*Alternatives attribute Sanson and/or Flamsteed, yet neither developed the projection.
*The originator is not known with certainty.
*The name is descriptive.
*The projection is so obvious as to render attribution meaningless.
*Modern texts surveyed preferred ''sinusoidal'' by a 1.25&amp;sup1;: 1&amp;sup2; margin. As the 20th century progressed we see a strong shift toward ''sinusoidal''. (Steers and Mainwaring did not commit to one name.)

==Chronology of projection development==

*1570: Cossin produces a world map based on the projection with verifiably sinusoidal meridians.
*1606: Jodocus Hondius (Amsterdam) uses the projection for maps of Africa and South America, presumably leading to the name ''Mercator equal-area''.
*ca. 1650: Nicolas Sanson d'Abbeville uses the projection extensively for maps of all continents.
*ca. 1675: John Flamsteed (England) uses the projection extensively in astronomical maps and praises its accuracy in correspondence with Isaac Newton.

==Notes==

&amp;sup1; A.H. Jameson &amp; M.T.M. Ormsby, 1927; J.A. Steers, 1927; J. Mainwaring, 1942; G.P. Kellaway, 1946; National Geographic Society, 1947; C.E. Abelson, 1954; D.H. Maling, 1973; P.W. McDonnell, 1979; F. Pearson II, 1984; J.P. Snyder, 1989.

&amp;sup2; M. d'Avezac, 1863; A.R. Hinks, 1912; M. Adams, 1914; C.H. Deetz &amp; O.S. Adams, 1921; J.A. Steers, 1927; R.K. Melluish, 1931; J. Mainwaring, 1942; P. Richardus &amp; R.K. Adler, 1972.</rev>
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      <page pageid="97" ns="0" title="Standard line">
        <revisions>
          <rev contentformat="text/x-wiki" contentmodel="wikitext" xml:space="preserve">A [[conformal line]] of a map projection on which the [[principal scale]] is conserved. Along a standard line the [[Tissot's indicatrix]] are circles with unit radius. In cylindric and conic projections, and for a spherical model of the Earth, the standard lines are circles. Examples of standard lines: [[standard parallel]]s in normal cylindric and conic projections; [[central meridian]] in transverse cylindric projections.

== See also ==
[[Conformal line]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[Equidistant line]]</rev>
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